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Vol. I, No. 8Gardening / Memorial DayMay 18th, 2001

Books & Literature
The Book Worm

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The Literature of the Civil War

Lincoln at Gettysburg
center, without hat

One of the anomalies of the American literary imagination  has been its inability - in spite of the vast amount of ink  consumed in the effort - to derive a major poem, novel, or  play from the central crisis in the national existence. ... 
Encyclopedia of Southern Culture

Literature of and about the Civil War far exceeds a lifetime list of readings.  Both North and South, the number of volumes published about the war -- in histories, memoirs, biographies, novels, poems, short stories, and more ... not to mention the archival records of political speeches, military campaigns, diaries, letters, and the numerous scholarly works about the primary sources themselves -- all would fill a considerable library.  ...  And nearly all, it seems, are available in some form or another on the web.  {See this month's Links to Books & Lit On-Line for more on that score.}  ...

If the contention of the editors of the Encyclopedia of Southern Culture, quoted above, is true, perhaps it is because the full scope of the Civil War -- like any war of such a magnitude -- may lie beyond the grasp of imagination.  There is no way to do justice to it all.  The history may leave out the poignant or painful reminiscences ... the latter, whether in diaries or novels or elsewhere, will almost always exclude an analysis of the larger context of the war.  ... What satisfies the reader who wants to know 'what it was like' is likely to leave those who want to know 'what happened' at a loss.  ...

There are differences, too, in temperament and attitude.  Some writers celebrate victory as others mourn defeat.  Some chronicle their own more intimate experiences, while others try to distance themselves and present as objective and account as possible.  Still others act as apologists for a particular perspective.  And some, as the Encyclopedia of Southern Culture also points out, become more concerned with the before or after of the war than with the war itself:  "... one of the prominent characteristics of the southern literary mind ... has been the compulsive remembrance of the Civil War.  But the southern writer ... has been less concerned to reconstruct the actual time of the struggle than to recount the consequent loss of the antebellum southern culture."

All this conspires, then, to prevent us from offering even the most brief reading list to be recommended.  The only recourse is to further narrow one's focus.  ...

In that light, we've chosen to limit our focus to works by those whose experiences were contemporary with the events leading up to the war, those who experienced it at first hand, and those who were present for the period of Reconstruction.  Moreover, we limited our selections to those who are well recognized as authors in their own right.  Writers like Melville, Walt Whitman, Louisa May Alcott, Mark Twain, and others ... and even as seemingly an unlikely a figure {at least in this regard} as Karl Marx.  All provide us with first-hand responses to the war -- its causes and characters, its history and its impacts.  ...

Marx, in fact, may provide an interesting example.  ... 

Writing from the distance of London, Marx's "The North American Civil War" provides what has to be one of the most concise and well-informed contemporary histories of the causes of and events leading up to the Civil War.  From the last Continental Congress [1787] and the first Constitutional Congress [1789-90], through the Missouri Compromise [1820]  and the Kansas-Nebraska Bill [1854], to the Dred Scott decision [1857] and the particulars of the formation of the Republican Party and platform -- Marx presents all these events pointedly and concisely, providing context and causes, responses and counters.  ... 

Here is an excerpt:

It is above all to be remembered that the war did not originate with the North, but with the South.  The North finds itself on the defensive.  For months it had quietly looked on while the secessionists appropriated the Union's forts, arsenals, shipyards, customs houses, pay offices, ships and supplies of arms, insulted its flag and took prisoner bodies of its troops.  Finally the secessionists resolved to force the Union government out of its passive attitude by a blatant act of war, and solely for this reason proceeded to the bombardment of Fort Sumter near Charleston.  On April 11 their General Beauregard had learnt in a meeting with Major Anderson, the commander of Fort Sumter, that the fort was only supplied with provisions for three days more and accordingly must be peacefully surrendered after this period.  In order to forestall this peaceful surrender, the secessionists opened the bombardment early on the following morning (April 12), which brought about the fall of the fort in a few hours.  News of this had hardly been telegraphed to Montgomery, the seat of the Secession Congress, when War Minister Walker publicly declared in the name of the new Confederacy:  No man can say where the war opened today will end.   At the same time he prophesied that before the first of May the flag of the Southern Confederacy will wave from the dome of the old Capitol in Washington and within a short time perhaps also from the Faneuil Hall in Boston.  Only now ensued the proclamation in which Lincoln called for 75,000 men to defend the Union.  The bombardment of Fort Sumter cut off the only possible constitutional way out, namely the convocation of a general convention of the American people, as Lincoln had proposed in his inaugural address.  For Lincoln there now remained only the choice of fleeing from Washington, evacuating Maryland and Delaware and surrendering Kentucky, Missouri and Virginia, or of answering war with war.  ...

For those interested in the literature of the period, then, we invite you to take a look at this month's Local Writing: Selected Literature of the Civil War.  There, you will find a brief description of and a link to several texts from the authors we've chosen.  Obviously 'local' this month goes well beyond the local writers we usually feature in this section.  But it does include a link to some of the writings available on-line by Vermont soldiers and authors, too.  ...  Needless to say, had someone else compiled the list -- someone with a greater depth of knowledge than we could bring to the subject -- the list probably would have been very different.  Nonetheless, we tried to take a representative sampling, in terms of both time and perspective.

We hope you enjoy them.  ...

lmc

Click here to go to Selected Literature of the Civil War ...

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We're thinking about making a Best Books list {see our first Best Books survey and results in Back Issues ...}an on-going feature here at DownStreet.  In addition, we'd like to hear from more book clubs in the area, whether open to new members or not.  Either way, we'd like to publish your reading lists, both here in the magazine, or in our Community Pages.

If your book club or reading group is interested in participating, please e-mail us at ...

    books@downstreetmagazine.com

Let us know the name, if any, of your club or group, how many members and if you're open to new members, and where and when you meet.  Finally, don't forget tell us about your recent or up-coming reading list.

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Lou Colasanti, Editor & Laura Wisniewski, Associate Editor
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